Cause Of Flooding And Its Impacts On Society - 1352 Words

1.0 Introduction Climate change or variability is a naturally occurring phenomena that has been escalated by humans. With the transition from hand production to the use of machines during the Industrial Revolution, the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, used to power the machines has increased exponentially. Advances in technology has led to more fossil fuels having to be burned to sustain energy production. The issue with burning fossil fuels is that the byproduct is a release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which traps solar radiation and warms the Earth, called the greenhouse effect. The impacts of climate change include but are not limited to sea level rise, hurricanes, tornadoes, ice storms, heat waves, droughts, and flooding. In this paper the focus will be on flooding and its impacts on society including the economy, and ecology, as well as potential solutions. 2.0 Causes of Flooding Flooding is a very common natural disaster and has contributed to approximately 39% of worldwide natural disasters, as well as an estimated $397.3 billion worth of damage between 2000 and 2014. [1] Flooding can be caused by short-duration intense rainfall, excessive precipitation, rapid or heavy snowmelt, hurricanes, tropical cyclones, embankment failure, or sea level rise. The effects of climate change have led to increases in extreme weather events including more frequent concentrated precipitation, increasing temperatures which causes sea level rise,Show MoreRelatedOverfishing Essay782 Words   |  4 Pages Coastal management is defense against flooding and erosion, and techniques that stop erosion to claim lands. Both hard engineering and soft engineering are types of coastal management strategies. 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The 2016Read MoreResearch Paper on Hurricanes1581 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing bitten, drown, or undiscovered. Hurricanes are brutal and violent natural disasters to endure and can be deadly in many cases. What I Want to Find Out I would like to find out more in depth information about the effects that hurricanes cause on society. I want to know how they affect people’s lives and what the government does to help the case. As of right now, I know a few dangers to humanity that they create, but I would like to know more about what they do. My knowledge includes a very generalizedRead MoreDisaster Characteristics And Management Stages Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesto respond (Nies McEwen, 2015). The frequency of natural disasters in on the rise. Studies show that since the 1970’s, floods, storms, droughts and heatwaves have increased five-fold (Unesco, 2011). Many experts point to climate change as the cause, though that theory is widely debated. For communities, the argument is not as important as how to prepare, respond and recover from an unexpected emergency. To be ready for natural and man-made disasters, communities should perform a risk analysisRead MoreDisaster Management: Public I nvolvement in Disaster Risk Reduction812 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined as a serious disruption to the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and having an impact which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources (UNISDR, 2009). â€Å"Hazards,† are defined as a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economicRead MoreIs Global Climate Change Man Made? Global Temperature?1310 Words   |  6 Pagescreated by many different factors. Including methane emissions from animals, like livestock. Methane being released into the atmosphere causes a change in the earth’s climate. A change in the earth’s solar activity has also contributed to global temperature change. These changes are called sunspots and they cha nge the earth’s solar radiation levels. This causes short term warming cycles on the planet. Permafrost is frozen ground that is mainly in the northern hemisphere. It releases carbon andRead MoreThe Harappan Civilization And The Civilization1365 Words   |  6 PagesThis affected the amount of food available and changed farming immensely. Another major change due to the climate was the flooding of the rivers and the impact it had on settlements. According to Liviu Giosan, marine geologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the effect monsoons had on rivers created problems as well. Giosan states that monsoons that controlled the flooding of rivers â€Å"led to a decrease in surpluses for supporting that part of the population that was not involved directly inRead MoreThe Natural Disasters1104 Words   |  4 PagesTsunami is not just a single giant wave, it may even consist of ten or more waves which is then termed as: â€Å"Tsunami Wave Train† . Tsunami po ssesses kinetic energy and a mass of water which can cause devastation through kineticism and flooding. There is an international tsunami warning system and certain regional tsunami warning systems are also in placed. Pakistan is shielded to a greater extent from the Tsunami of the Pacific Ocean and Bay of Bengal due to the Indian land mass, however, TsunamisRead MoreThe Alarming and Troublesome Global Warming Issue 1407 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming has been one of the most challenging problems our society has encountered and people dont acknowledge that our climate change is becoming worse as the time goes by. Climate change which is said to be the regular or ordinary weather in an environment consists of patterns like seasons and temperature. Climate patterns play such an important role in constructing an essential ecosystem, human economies and cultures that rely on them has raised the surface of the worlds oceans in recentRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Climate Change1405 Words   |  6 Pagestopic within recent years. Essentially, a controversial debate exists regarding the causes and subsequent impacts of global warming. Nevertheless, the current consensus by most exp erts is that evidence unequivocally supports the measurable impacts of global warming, such as increased temperatures, melting ice, etc. A literature review will be conducted in order to present scientific evidence that illustrates the impacts of global warming. The purpose of the literature review is to provide a comprehensive

Affirmative Action Is Not Based On Reason Or Actual...

Jonathan Herdliska Mrs.Branch Anglish 12 30 November 2014 Prej ·u ·dice n. Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. In 1961 President Kennedy introduced the concept affirmative action extensively across the United States. Affirmative action is discriminating in favor of racial minorities in admissions, hiring, tenure, contracting, and financial aid. When two people are equally qualified for a job or admission opportunity is it acceptable to make the choice based on race, sex, or ethnicity? It is widely known that affirmative action is admissible. There is an opposition between the American ideal of individualism and affirmative action. Individualism is a popular American belief. Government intervention in the†¦show more content†¦Despite the fact that affirmative action is meant to help it’s wrong and should be stricken from the law books and burned an an inferno of reform. It would help to promote a truly â€Å"color-blind† society Affirmative action was made into official law in the Civil rights amendment of 1964. In the legislation it does not say what races or ethnicities are included which creates a slew of ambiguity. Racial preferences promote discrimination. In order to end discrimination we need to eliminate prejudice all together instead of changing the way it’s presented. Affirmative action is a prime example of modified racism. Any policy that considers characteristics that are out of their control is widely believed to be unfair. If Dr.king jr was alive today he would probably disagree with this policy. Mr.King believed that a man should be judged by the content of his character rather than the color of his skin. The American people have always been anxious to know what they shall do with us. Gen. Banks was distressed with solicitude as to what he should do with the Negro. Everybody has asked the question, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, What shall we do with the Negro? I have had but one answer from the beginning. Do nothing with us! You’re doing with us has already played the mischief with us. Do nothing with us! If the apples will not remain on the tree

Are Movie Stars’ Weddings Too Extravagant Free Essays

Dear Editor, Noticing the trickles of extravagant weddings sta+ged by movie stars in recent years, I cannot help suspiring how millions of dollars could have been better spent instead of being squandered on events that could have been just as beautiful and memorable if the budget was cut half. I am therefore writing this letter to express my serious concern over the despicable behaviour of these public figures who clearly have little idea of what it really takes to have an unforgettable wedding. It is not exactly inconceivable why movie stars tend to spend profusely – that they wish to garner media attention and show off their wealth and affluence to the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Movie Stars’ Weddings Too Extravagant? or any similar topic only for you Order Now But as often as we learn of star wedding news, equally frequently are we aware that they divorce a few years – or more outrageously a few months – after marriage. I have to say I am surprised at how marriage could be as disrespected as such. I am doubly surprised at how forgetful these people are, obviously having no memory of their vows and commitments on their lavish wedding day. It is henceforth a headache think of marriage being treated as a ridiculous game. With this in mind – that marriage is now nothing more than an empty concept that lacks respect and dignity – one comes to the conclusion that it is simply pointless in holding wedding parties at exorbitant prices. Name any loving couples around you and you realize the key to long-lasting marriages is not to make the wedding as unreasonably expensive as possible but to truly devote oneself to the relationship. Regardless of whether the wedding is huge or humble, so long as the two persons are faithful to and caring for each other, their marriage will always be graceful and memorable. In this era where divorce is no longer a taboo and divorce rate is shooting relentlessly worldwide, it seems grievously insensible and frankly wasteful that wedding ceremonies should be so luxurious. People may not agree with the notion that â€Å"Simple is beautiful†, but they can absolutely hold an equally enviable wedding while the money is spent on places more worthwhile. These dollars spent on creating an epic event which wastes countless flower baskets, barrels of fine wine and insanely overdone decoration can be donated to charity instead, giving guests a philanthropist image of the couple. Good deeds remain in the heart of people but good food are used up sooner than they think. By making the world a better place to live in, the couple is also making themselves better people to look upon. Hosting wedding receptions in a six-star hotel’s grand ballroom may sound lovely, but the money could have been saved and spent on less expensive venues that can be just as elegant. Hiring famous public relation companies to organize the whole wedding ceremony is not really economical, while engaging oneself in the wedding preparation is even more fulfilling than making it a cat’s paw of someone else. The guest will also be impressed by the couple’s involvement. I am sure these people will be amazed at how much they can save and how much blessing they will receive from the world by spending their sums of money in a smarter and a more caring way. How to cite Are Movie Stars’ Weddings Too Extravagant?, Papers

Foundation Management for Business Scenario and Organizations

Question: Discuss about theFoundation Management for Business Scenario and Organizations. Answer: Introduction In the present business scenario, contemporary business organizations face more diverse business challenges in their daily operations than ever. The contemporary business scenario is more complex and challenging than it is being a few years ago. Thus, more and more new theories are being originated for the business organizations in order to enable them to cope up with the change in business scenario (Van Wart 2013). However, majority of the management theories being originated are contradictory to one another. Various different criterions are being emerged by them for the business organizations to face the organizational challenges in effectively organizing and managing the organizational procedures (Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis 2015). This essay will discuss about the various theories of organizing and managing the business organizations. A critical analysis will be done to evaluate the effectiveness of these theories. It will enable to determine that whether there is only one best way to manage or the managerial decision will depend on the situation. Critical analysis of different theories As told earlier, different theories and opinions are being given by the authors in view to the managerial roles and effectiveness of the organization. Several authors are of the opinions that, the policies and strategies in the particular organization should have singular approach and it should not be changed in any situation. According to them, changing of the unified organizational procedures and management styles will affect the organizational cultures. Similar opinion being given by Sahin (2012), regarding the management styles. According to him, the attitudes and beliefs of the managers are one of the key determinants in influencing the best the way to manage. He stated that according to the McGregors theory of x and y, managers lead their employees accordingly. Managers following the theory x follows the authoritarian style of leadership. According to him, this style helps in directing the employees effectively in any given situation. Moreover, due to lack of accumulation of th e opinions from the employees, it becomes easy for the managers to initiate the decision making process by own and in more effective manner. On the other hand, managers following the theory y, offers more options of participation of the employees. According to this theory, decision making process is being initiated with the opinions of the employees. Though, it involves more time but is more effective for the organizational procedures. Effectiveness of transformational leadership Some other authors such as Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo, and Gutirrez-Gutirrez (2012) are of the opinion that, transformational style of leadership is the most effective managerial style for driving the organizational excellence. This is due to the reason that, in the case of the transformational style of leadership. Employees are being motivated for generating innovative ideas along with the visionary goals of the higher level management. According to the authors, this managerial style helps the organization in effectively determining the requirement of the market and initiates the organizational strategies accordingly. The employees are being kept motivated and equipped, which eventually helps the organization in facing the challenges effectively. According to the authors, initiation of this managerial style helps the organizations in handling the negative business environment also. In addition, the motivation of the employees in generating the innovative ideas helps the organ izations in gaining the competitive advantages from the market. Initiation of singular approach of management According to Ertureten, Cemalcilar and Aycan (2013), initiation of singular approach of management in the organization have their own set of advantages for the business organizations. This is due to the reason that, according to the authors, the internal stakeholders in the organization including the employees and different managerial levels are being accustomed with a particular type of management style. Thus, with the sudden change in the existing style of management, they may have adverse impact on their effectiveness. It will take time for them to get adjusted with the new set of regulations. The authors also stated that, other related aspects of the internal management such as communication channels should also have to change with the change in the style of management. Thus, according to them, it will be favorable for the business organizations to stick to a single style of management and modify it according to the situation. There is no best way to manage On the other hand of the opinion that, business organizations should initiate a singular approach of management style, some other authors have given several valid points, which conclude that there is no best way to manage. According to Thompson and Glaso (2015), business organizations should not have a singular approach in maintaining their style of management. This is due to the reason that, according to the authors, business organizations from around the world are operating in different and diverse business environment. Thus, a singular approach is not applicable for all. In addition, the current business scenario is rapidly changing and following of same and similar approach will make hard for the business organizations in handling the business situation effectively. According to DuBois, Hanlon, Koch, Nyatuga and Kerr (2015), it is necessary for the business organization to change their style of management according to the current situation. This is due to the fact that, the requirement of the internal as well as external stakeholders of the organization are changing rapidly and thus, to meet the emerging requirement, they cannot have a single way of management. According to the authors, if the internal stakeholders of a particular business organization are well equipped and motivated in their workplace, then a more democratic management style can be initiated. However, on the other hand, if the internal stakeholders are more comfortable in directive style of management then, authoritarian style will be applicable. They also stated that, the style of management is also determined by the business competitiveness. If the operating area for the particular organization is more competitive and dynamic, then motivation of the employees to generate innovative ideas will have favorable outcome (Aziz and Rizkallah 2015). On the other hand, if the business scenario is less sensitive or elastic to change and it operates in same conventional way, then directive style will be more favorable. Thus, the management style of the organizations should be based on the situation and environment where they are currently operating. Adhering to every management styles As told by Yukl (2012), there are advantages and disadvantages in every kind of managing the business organizations. According to him, if an organization initiates the democratic style of management, then also they will face issue in involving more time in the decision making process. Moreover, it will be difficult for the organization to bring consensus from among the varied opinions of the employees. On the other hand, if the organization initiates the directive style of management then also they will face the issues of dissatisfaction of the employees in their workplace (Sageer, Rafat and Agarwal 2012). In addition, the effective identification of the requirement of the employees will also not be possible. Thus, according to him, business organizations should initiate the situational style by adhering to the merits of all the available management styles. It will prove more effective for the organizations. Discussion From the above critical analysis, it is been seen that several authors have given varied opinions about the best possible way of organizational management. The situational mode will be more applicable and favorable for the business organization due to the reason that, it will help the organization to be flexible enough in coping up with the changing business scenario. Moreover, the current global business scenario is more of customer oriented rather than manufacturer oriented (Adekola and Sergi 2016). Thus, effective determination of the market requirement is important for the organizations to stay ahead in the competition. However, one aspect that needs to be considered by the business organizations is that, strategies and approaches are to be initiated in according to the requirement of the market. Thus, to initiate strategies according to the requirement of the market, the organizational management should be flexible to change with the situation (Santos-Vijande, Lopez-Sanchez and Trespalacios 2012). In addition, the situational style of management will further help the organizations to train and equip the internal stakeholders according the current need. Based on the internal and external situation or environment of the organization, the management style should be initiated. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that, for the contemporary business organizations, managing the internal operation is more complex than ever. Thus, they should be flexible enough in order to get adjust with the changing scenario of the business. It is been discussed in this essay that, sticking to a single type of management style will not help the organization in dealing with the changing scenario. Analysis done by various authors is being evaluated in this essay and it concludes that initiation of situation style of management will help the organization to change or modify their management approach with the change in the external and internal situation. It is being discussed briefly in this essay that situational style of management will prove beneficial for the contemporary business organizations. Reference Adekola, A. and Sergi, B.S., 2016. Global business management: A cross-cultural perspective. Aziz, H.H.A. and Rizkallah, A., 2015. Effect of organizational factors on employees' generation of innovative ideas. EuroMed Journal of Business, 10(2), p.134. Clegg, S.R., Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T., 2015. Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. DuBois, M., Hanlon, J., Koch, J., Nyatuga, B. and Kerr, N., 2015. Leadership styles of effective project managers: Techniques and traits to lead high performance teams. Journal of Economic Development, Management, IT, Finance, and Marketing, 7(1), p.30. Ertureten, A., Cemalcilar, Z. and Aycan, Z., 2013. The relationship of downward mobbing with leadership style and organizational attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(1), pp.205-216. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of business research, 65(7), pp.1040-1050. Sageer, A., Rafat, S. and Agarwal, P., 2012. Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and their impact on the organization. IOSR Journal of business and management, 5(1), pp.32-39. ?ahin, F., 2012. The mediating effect of leadermember exchange on the relationship between Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Management Organization, 18(2), pp.159-174. Santos-Vijande, M.L., Lpez-Snchez, J.. and Trespalacios, J.A., 2012. How organizational learning affects a firm's flexibility, competitive strategy, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 65(8), pp.1079-1089. Thompson, G. and Glas, L., 2015. Situational leadership theory: a test from three perspectives. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 36(5), pp.527-544. Van Wart, M., 2013. Lessons from leadership theory and the contemporary challenges of leaders. Public Administration Review, 73(4), pp.553-565. Yukl, G., 2012. Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), pp.66-85.

The Worthiness of Success free essay sample

There comes a moment in a man’s life when some wisdom starts creeping into his brain, and this wisdom, although its acquisition is traditionally scarcely voluntary, aids him in the many dimensions of his life, but most of all, it help him understand himself, and, perhaps as a consequent, life. As for me, I’ve always been the odd one out; at home, at school, in the street. At home, I was raised with three sisters, all older than I am. At school, I was the class nerd because I excelled at languages (a paradox in my society) and I was never quite the loud charismatic one, unlike most boys around me. In the street, I wasn’t comfortable walking alone; I felt out of place and a sense of being exposed haunted me, exacerbated by the looks that followed me. As a child growing into adolescence, I was amazed at how different I am from other boys in my limited environment (I admit I was introverted). We will write a custom essay sample on The Worthiness of Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The difference had always been there, but I’d never been able to cognize its immensity. While other boys would play soccer, I would stay at home baking cookies. As I grew, I tried to be more open and positive, but by the time, the underlying sense of how diametrically different I was from others never evaded me; no matter what I did, it wouldn’t hush. An inexplicable feeling that I would never be accepted weighed me down, preventing me from hoping to go further, and whatever I did only added more to that weight, widening further the already vast chasm. That sense of lack of communication led me to practice individual sports where I can meditate such as swimming and jogging. I began doubting myself. As the evidence showed me, I clearly had an underlying fault which made me repulsive on sight. I shriveled up and detested the sun’s rays. I’d come to realize why so many poets rhymed to the silence of solitude. Life became a black abyss which slowly pulled me down into its nefarious emptiness. But, something inside me stirred, perhaps my will to survive. As a defense mechanism, I took voluntary refuge in carefully selected ‘fixations’; delving into a subject to take my mind off of life. My fixations were many, with my latest being over Dalida -a French singer- during which I ameliorated my French language. This lasted for some time until recently, when some wisdom started lighting up the little neurons in my brain. I was hit by an epiphany: Life had been setting me up for greatness. The idea, though simple, packs a potent punch. Every person that walked this earth had a great challenge to overcome, but only the great ones did. Others forgot that greatness is composed of ordinary things, such as a luxurious yacht is built by normal wood and ordinary nails, that we all have warrior instinct and that we all have inner strength. Thus, greatness is in the reach of all. The mountains we have to conquer only help us to harness that strength. From that vantage point, it becomes clear that we’re meant to achieve greatness, and no gain comes without hard work and a limited amount of pain In a humble attempt, and armed with a new found self-esteem, I have taken many steps to improve my life, and to mention all of them here would be cumbersome. So I will only mention one: My quest for knowledge. Strength without knowledge is destruction, knowledge without strength is a life wasted. Life has given me (I genuinely hope) strength, and I plan on learning everything there is about life. I would like to conclude my essay with this inspiring quote: â€Å"Do today what others won’t, so tomorrow you can do what others can’t.†

Definition and Examples of Embedded Questions

Definition and Examples of Embedded Questions In English grammar, an embedded question is a  question that appears in a declarative statement or in another question. The following phrases are commonly used to introduce embedded questions:Could you tell me . . .Do you know . . .I wanted to know . . .I wonder . . .The question is . . .Who knows . . . Unlike conventional interrogative structures, in which word order is reversed, the subject usually comes before the verb in an embedded question. Also, the auxiliary verb do is not used in embedded questions. Commentary on Embedded Questions An embedded question is a question inside a statement. Here are some examples: - I was wondering if its going to rain tomorrow. (The embedded question is: Is it going to rain tomorrow?)- I suppose you dont know if they are coming. (The embedded question is: Do you know if they are coming?) You can use an embedded question when you do not want to be too direct, such as when you are speaking to someone senior in the company, and the use of a direct question seems impolite or blunt. (Elisabeth Pilbeam et al.,  English First Additional Language: Level 3. Pearson Education South Africa, 2008) Examples of Embedded Questions Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here? (Alice in Alices Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll)The question is not whether we will be extremists, but what kind of extremists we will be.(Martin Luther King, Jr.)I set up the checkerboard and  explained how the  pieces are placed and how they move. (Herbert Kohl,  The Herb Kohl Reader: Awakening the Heart of Teaching. The New Press, 2013)I live in New York, and I was thinking about the lagoon in Central Park, down near Central Park South. I was wondering if it would be frozen over when I got home, and if it was, where did the ducks go? I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. I wondered if some guy came in a truck and took them away to a zoo or something. Or if they just flew away. (J.D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, 1951) Stylistic Conventions Kate [a copy editor] moves on to the second sentence: The question is, how many re-readings are reasonable? Uncertain about how to treat a question (how many re-readings are reasonable?) embedded in a sentence, she picks up [The Chicago Manual of Style] . . . [and] decides to apply the following conventions:Since the author has followed all these conventions, Kate changes nothing. The embedded question should be preceded by a comma.The first word of an embedded question is capitalized only when the question is long or has internal punctuation. A short informal embedded question begins with a lowercase letter.The question should not be in quotation marks because it is not a piece of dialogue.The question should end with a question mark because it is a direct question. (Amy Einsohn,  The Copyeditors Handbook. University of California Press, 2006) Embedded Questions in AAVE In AAVE [African-American Vernacular English], when questions are embedded in sentences themselves, the order of the subject (boldfaced) and the auxiliary (italicized) may be inverted unless the embedded question begins with if: They asked could she go to the show.I asked Alvin did he know how to play basketball. (Irene L. Clark, Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003)

Arab Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Arab Culture - Essay Example This essay tends to probe into how the status of women is determined in Arab culture. It is frequently argued that religion in Arabia treated women as inferior to men. The proponents of this view point out that women were denied leadership roles, and they were told to be submissive in every sphere of social life. The extremist religious doctrines and ideologies were implemented to control them in society as well as in their families. The religion from the ancient period onwards prevents women from entering the main place of worship where men folks are free to enter and worship. For instance, as Baden points out, the Shariah law of Islam, through personal status laws, continues to govern the area relating to marriage and family life in most Muslim countries. As the holy Quran has given different social roles to men and women, women’s role is restricted to the household affairs alone. Theoretically, women are allowed to engage themselves in other activities only if it does not conflict with their family obligations (3-10). But this cannot be taken for face value as women today are as competent as men in all aspects even as bread winners. However, the conservative Muslim laws and the provisions of the holy Quran are expected to be observed by normal Muslims. So, a sudden change cannot be expected. Traditionally the Arab Muslim women are married at their younger age to a man of their father’s choice. In most cases the grooms are older than the father of the bride. Here, the girl has no voice to resist the decision of her father. In countries like Kuwait, even today, women do not have the right for adult franchise. In some other countries including Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Egypt, there prevails a law that states the inheritance of women must be less than that of men. The law in Morocco excuses the murderer or injury to a wife who is caught in the act of